The Network Layer Network Protocol used to address data sent over the Internet or another Network
IP addresses are assigned to Network Interface Controllers, not Computers.
Network Connections
IPv4
4 decimal dotted quad / 4 octet / 32 bit 130.207.7.31 / 0x82CF071F / 0b10000010110011111100000101111111 IP address has Network and Host part The network part is leading part of the IP, and what you get from ANDing with the Subnet Mask
Subnet
A subnet, or subnetwork, is a smaller network within a larger network that helps improve efficiency and manageability. The subnet is given by the Network part of the IP and the Host on that subnet is given by the remaining bits of the IP.
Subnet Mask
Let’s say the subnet mask is 26 bits long. You can notate this as <IP> 255.255.255.192 <IP>/26 The Network part is the first 26 bits and the Host part is the remaining 6 bits of the IP.
Link to original
IPv4 Public/Private Ranges
Public
Class A
1.0.0.0 to 9.255.255.255
11.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
Class B
128.0.0.0 to 172.15.255.255172.32.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
Class C
192.0.0.0 to 192.167.255.255
192.169.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
Private
Class A
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C
192.168.0.0 To 192.168.255.255
IPv6
Fixed length, 40 byte header No fragmentation allowed No Broadcast, only Multicast 128 bit address. Network part is always the first 64 bits. Neighbor Discover Protocol replaces Address Resolution Protocol NAT is discourraged, but local addresses are available: fc00::/7 Every interface must have a link-local address fe80::/10 Impractical to scan for hosts
Public IP
Public IP addresses are unique identifiers assigned by an ISP that allows devices to communicate over the Internet
Private IP
Private IP address are unique identifiers assigned by a local network for communication within a local network.
Composition
Unicast
A unicast address is a logical identifier representing a single network device. A unicast transmission sends IP packet data to a single destination.
Multicast
A multicast address is a logical identifier representing a group of network devices. A multicast transmission sends IP packet data to a group of destinations simultaneously. Streaming services benefit from this type of transmission, saving bandwidth.
Anycast
An anycast address is an address assigned to multiple network interfaces. An anycast transmission sends IP packet data to one network device in the group, usually the closest interface containing the anycast address. Anycast transmissions are usually used by servers in a content delivery network, or content distribution network (CDN). A content delivery network, or content distribution network (CDN), is a geographically distributed group of servers.
Broadcast
A broadcast address is a single IPv4 address used to send data to all devices on a network. A broadcast transmission sends IP packet data to all devices on the network simultaneously. Broadcasting causes excessive traffic, leading to collisions and network slowdowns. IPv6 does not support broadcast transmissions.
