Let be the time for data to make its way the sender’s Protocol Stack

  • In modern times, often negligible Let be the time for data to make its way the receiver’s Protocol Stack
  • In modern times, often negligible Let is the wire delay (how long does it take to put the packet onto the wire) Let is the flight time (the time it takes the packet to get from source to destination, e.g. Georgia Tech Eduroam CAN to Chennai Datacenter)
  • Limited by the speed of light in the medium (of the wire)

Wire Delay

Warning

  • Message size is often in bytes, whereas Network Bandwidth is often in bits.
  • When Network Bandwidth is listed as K or M or G, it is powers of 10, not 2

Transmission Time

aka “End-to-end latency”

Message Throughput

Example