An integral over 3 variables.

Cartesian

where is the amount a point lies in the positive direction where is the amount a point lies in the positive direction where is the amount a point lies in the positive direction

Cylindrical

Polar Coordinates +

where the Jacobian Determinant where is the distance of a point’s Projection from the origin where is the angle of the point from the positive axis where is the amount a point lies in the positive direction

Spherical

where the Jacobian Determinant where is the distance of a point from the origin where is the angle of the point from the positive axis where is the angle of the point from the positive axis